# IBM(c) 2007 EPL license http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html #------------------------------------------------------- =head1 xCAT plugin package to pack the stateless image Supported options: -h Display usage message -v Command Version -o Operating system (fedora8, rhel5, sles10,etc) -p Profile (compute,service) -a Architecture (ppc64,x86_64,etc) -m Method (default cpio) =cut #------------------------------------------------------- package xCAT_plugin::packimage; BEGIN { $::XCATROOT = $ENV{'XCATROOT'} ? $ENV{'XCATROOT'} : '/opt/xcat'; } use strict; use lib "$::XCATROOT/lib/perl"; use Data::Dumper; use xCAT::Table; use Getopt::Long; use File::Path; use File::Copy; use Cwd; use File::Temp; use File::Basename; use File::Path; #use xCAT::Utils qw(genpassword); use xCAT::Utils; use xCAT::TableUtils; use xCAT::SvrUtils; use xCAT::PasswordUtils; use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex); Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling"); Getopt::Long::Configure("pass_through"); my $verbose = 0; #$verbose = 1; #------------------------------------------------------- =head3 handled_commands Return list of commands handled by this plugin =cut #------------------------------------------------------- sub handled_commands { return { packimage => "packimage", } } #------------------------------------------------------- =head3 Process the command =cut #------------------------------------------------------- sub process_request { my $request = shift; my $callback = shift; my $doreq = shift; my $installroot = xCAT::TableUtils->getInstallDir(); my $args; if (defined($request->{arg})) { $args = $request->{arg}; @ARGV = @{$args}; } if (scalar(@ARGV) == 0) { $callback->({ info => ["Usage:\n packimage [-m| --method=cpio|tar] [-c| --compress=gzip|pigz|xz] [--nosyncfiles] \n packimage [-h| --help]\n packimage [-v| --version]"] }); return 0; } my $osver; my $arch; my $profile; my $method = 'cpio'; my $compress; my $exlistloc; my $syncfile; my $rootimg_dir; my $destdir; my $nosyncfiles; my $imagename; my $dotorrent; my $provmethod; my $envars; my $help; my $version; my $lock; GetOptions( "profile|p=s" => \$profile, "arch|a=s" => \$arch, "osver|o=s" => \$osver, "method|m=s" => \$method, "compress|c=s" => \$compress, "tracker=s" => \$dotorrent, 'nosyncfiles' => \$nosyncfiles, "help|h" => \$help, "version|v" => \$version ); if ($arch or $osver or $profile) { $callback->({ error => ["-o, -p and -a options are obsoleted, please use 'packimage ' instead."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } if ($version) { my $version = xCAT::Utils->Version(); $callback->({ info => [$version] }); return 0; } if ($help) { $callback->({ info => ["Usage:\n packimage [-m| --method=cpio|tar] [-c| --compress=gzip|pigz|xz] [--nosyncfiles] \n packimage [-h| --help]\n packimage [-v| --version]"] }); return 0; } if (@ARGV > 0) { $imagename = $ARGV[0]; if ($arch or $osver or $profile) { $callback->({ error => ["-o, -p and -a options are not allowed when a image name is specified."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } # load the module in memory eval { require("$::XCATROOT/lib/perl/xCAT/Table.pm") }; if ($@) { $callback->({ error => [$@], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } # get the info from the osimage and linux my $osimagetab = xCAT::Table->new('osimage', -create => 1); unless ($osimagetab) { $callback->({ error => ["The osimage table cannot be opened."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } my $linuximagetab = xCAT::Table->new('linuximage', -create => 1); unless ($linuximagetab) { $callback->({ error => ["The linuximage table cannot be opened."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } (my $ref) = $osimagetab->getAttribs({ imagename => $imagename }, 'osvers', 'osarch', 'profile', 'provmethod', 'synclists','environvar'); unless ($ref) { $callback->({ error => ["Cannot find image \'$imagename\' from the osimage table."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } (my $ref1) = $linuximagetab->getAttribs({ imagename => $imagename }, 'exlist', 'rootimgdir'); unless ($ref1) { $callback->({ error => ["Cannot find $imagename from the linuximage table."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $osver = $ref->{'osvers'}; $arch = $ref->{'osarch'}; $profile = $ref->{'profile'}; $syncfile = $ref->{'synclists'}; $provmethod = $ref->{'provmethod'}; $envars = $ref->{'environvar'}; unless ($osver and $arch and $profile and $provmethod) { $callback->({ error => ["osimage.osvers, osimage.osarch, osimage.profile and osimage.provmethod must be specified for the image $imagename in the database."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } if ($provmethod ne 'netboot') { $callback->({ error => ["\'$imagename\' cannot be used to build diskless image. Make sure osimage.provmethod is 'netboot'."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $exlistloc = $ref1->{'exlist'}; $destdir = $ref1->{'rootimgdir'}; } else { $provmethod = "netboot"; unless ($osver) { $callback->({ error => ["Please specify a os version with the -o flag"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } unless ($arch) { $arch = `uname -m`; chomp($arch); $arch = "x86" if ($arch =~ /i.86$/); } unless ($profile) { $callback->({ error => ["Please specify a profile name with -p flag"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } } unless ($destdir) { $destdir = "$installroot/netboot/$osver/$arch/$profile"; } $rootimg_dir = "$destdir/rootimg"; my $retcode; ($retcode,$lock)=xCAT::Utils->acquire_lock_imageop($rootimg_dir); if($retcode){ $callback->({ error => ["$lock"], errorcode => [1]}); return 1; } my $distname = $osver; until (-r "$::XCATROOT/share/xcat/netboot/$distname/" or not $distname) { chop($distname); } unless ($distname) { $callback->({ error => ["Unable to find $::XCATROOT/share/xcat/netboot directory for $osver"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } unless ($installroot) { $callback->({ error => ["No installdir defined in site table"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } my $oldpath = cwd(); unless ($imagename) { $exlistloc = xCAT::SvrUtils->get_exlist_file_name("$installroot/custom/netboot/$distname", $profile, $osver, $arch); unless ($exlistloc) { $exlistloc = xCAT::SvrUtils->get_exlist_file_name("$::XCATROOT/share/xcat/netboot/$distname", $profile, $osver, $arch); } #save the settings into DB, it will not update if the image already exist my @ret = xCAT::SvrUtils->update_tables_with_diskless_image($osver, $arch, $profile, "netboot"); unless ($ret[0] eq 0) { $callback->({ error => [ "Error when updating the osimage tables: " . $ret[1] ], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } } #before generating rootimg.$suffix, copy $installroot/postscripts into the image at /xcatpost if (-e "$rootimg_dir/xcatpost") { system("rm -rf $rootimg_dir/xcatpost"); } system("mkdir -p $rootimg_dir/xcatpost"); system("cp -r $installroot/postscripts/* $rootimg_dir/xcatpost/"); #put the image name, uuid and timestamp into diskless image when it is packed. `echo IMAGENAME="'$imagename'" > $rootimg_dir/opt/xcat/xcatinfo`; my $uuid = `uuidgen`; chomp $uuid; `echo IMAGEUUID="'$uuid'" >> $rootimg_dir/opt/xcat/xcatinfo`; my $timestamp = `date`; chomp $timestamp; `echo TIMESTAMP="'$timestamp'" >> $rootimg_dir/opt/xcat/xcatinfo`; # before generating rootimg.$suffix or rootimg.sfs, need to switch the rootimg to stateless mode if necessary my $rootimg_status = 0; # 0 means stateless mode, while 1 means statelite mode $rootimg_status = 1 if (-f "$rootimg_dir/.statelite/litefile.save"); my $ref_liteList; # get the litefile entries my @ret = xCAT::Utils->runcmd("ilitefile $osver-$arch-statelite-$profile", 0, 1); $ref_liteList = $ret[0]; my %liteHash; # create hash table for the entries in @listList if (parseLiteFiles($ref_liteList, \%liteHash)) { $callback->({ error => ["Failed for parsing litefile table!"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $verbose && $callback->({ data => [ "rootimg_status = $rootimg_status at line " . __LINE__ ] }); if ($rootimg_status) { xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mkdir $rootimg_dir/.statebackup", 0, 1); # read through the litefile table to decide which file/directory should be restore my $defaultloc = "$rootimg_dir/.default"; foreach my $entry (keys %liteHash) { my @tmp = split /\s+/, $entry; my $filename = $tmp[1]; my $fileopt = $tmp[0]; if ($fileopt =~ m/link/) { # backup them into .statebackup dirctory # restore the files with "link" options if ($filename =~ m/\/$/) { chop $filename; } # create the parent directory if $filename's directory is not there, my $parent = dirname $filename; unless (-d "$rootimg_dir/.statebackup$parent") { unlink "$rootimg_dir/.statebackup$parent"; $verbose && $callback->({ data => ["mkdir -p $rootimg_dir/.statebackup$parent"] }); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mkdir -p $rootimg_dir/.statebackup$parent", 0, 1); } $verbose && $callback->({ data => [ "backing up the file $filename.. at line " . __LINE__ ] }); $verbose && print "++ $defaultloc$filename ++ $rootimg_dir$filename ++ at " . __LINE__ . "\n"; xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir$filename $rootimg_dir/.statebackup$filename", 0, 1); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("cp -r -a $defaultloc$filename $rootimg_dir$filename", 0, 1); } } } # TODO: following the old genimage code, to update the stateles-only files/directories # # another file should be /opt/xcat/xcatdsklspost, but it seems not necessary xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/etc/init.d/statelite $rootimg_dir/.statebackup/statelite ", 0, 1) if (-e "$rootimg_dir/etc/init.d/statelite"); if (-e "$rootimg_dir/usr/share/dracut") { # currently only used for redhat families, not available for SuSE families if (-e "$rootimg_dir/etc/rc.sysinit.backup") { xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/etc/rc.sysinit.backup $rootimg_dir/etc/rc.sysinit", 0, 1); } } #restore the install.netboot of xcat dracut module if (-e "$rootimg_dir/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/97xcat/install") { xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/97xcat/install $rootimg_dir/.statebackup/install", 0, 1); } xCAT::Utils->runcmd("cp /opt/xcat/share/xcat/netboot/rh/dracut_033/install.netboot $rootimg_dir/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/97xcat/install", 0, 1); my $xcat_packimg_tmpfile = "/tmp/xcat_packimg.$$"; my $excludestr = "find . -xdev "; my $includestr; if ($exlistloc) { my @excludeslist = split ',', $exlistloc; foreach my $exlistlocname (@excludeslist) { my $exlist; my $excludetext; open($exlist, "<", $exlistlocname); system("echo -n > $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); while (<$exlist>) { $excludetext .= $_; } close($exlist); #handle the #INLCUDE# tag recursively my $idir = dirname($exlistlocname); my $doneincludes = 0; while (not $doneincludes) { $doneincludes = 1; if ($excludetext =~ /#INCLUDE:[^#^\n]+#/) { $doneincludes = 0; $excludetext =~ s/#INCLUDE:([^#^\n]+)#/include_file($1,$idir)/eg; } } my @tmp = split("\n", $excludetext); foreach (@tmp) { chomp $_; s/\s*#.*//; #-- remove comments next if /^\s*$/; #-- skip empty lines if (/^\+/) { s/^\+//; #remove '+' $includestr .= "-path '" . $_ . "' -o "; } else { s/^\-//; #remove '-' if any $excludestr .= "'!' -path '" . $_ . "' -a "; } } } } # the files specified for statelite should be excluded my @excludeStatelite = ("./etc/init.d/statelite", "./etc/rc.sysinit.backup", "./.statelite*", "./.default*", "./.statebackup*"); foreach my $entry (@excludeStatelite) { $excludestr .= "'!' -path '" . $entry . "' -a "; } $excludestr =~ s/-a $//; if ($includestr) { $includestr =~ s/-o $//; $includestr = "find . -xdev " . $includestr; } print "\nexcludestr=$excludestr\n\n includestr=$includestr\n\n"; # debug # add the xCAT post scripts to the image unless (-d "$rootimg_dir") { $callback->({ error => ["$rootimg_dir does not exist, run genimage -o $osver -p $profile on a server with matching architecture"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } # some rpms like atftp mount the rootimg/proc to /proc, we need to make sure rootimg/proc is free of junk # before packaging the image system("umount $rootimg_dir/proc"); copybootscript($installroot, $rootimg_dir, $osver, $arch, $profile, $callback); my $pass = xCAT::PasswordUtils::crypt_system_password(); if (!defined($pass)) { $pass = 'cluster'; } my @secure_root = xCAT::TableUtils->get_site_attribute("secureroot"); if ($secure_root[0] == 1) { $pass = '*'; } my $oldmask = umask(0077); my $shadow; open($shadow, "<", "$rootimg_dir/etc/shadow"); my @shadents = <$shadow>; close($shadow); open($shadow, ">", "$rootimg_dir/etc/shadow"); print $shadow "root:$pass:13880:0:99999:7:::\n"; foreach (@shadents) { unless (/^root:/) { print $shadow "$_"; } } close($shadow); umask($oldmask); if (not $nosyncfiles) { # sync fils configured in the synclist to the rootimage $syncfile = xCAT::SvrUtils->getsynclistfile(undef, $osver, $arch, $profile, "netboot", $imagename); if ( defined($syncfile) && -d $rootimg_dir) { my $myenv=''; if($envars){ $myenv.=" XCAT_OSIMAGE_ENV=$envars"; } my @filelist = split ',', $syncfile; foreach my $synclistfile (@filelist) { if ( -f $synclistfile) { print "Syncing files from $synclistfile to root image dir: $rootimg_dir\n"; my $cmd = "$myenv $::XCATROOT/bin/xdcp -i $rootimg_dir -F $synclistfile"; xCAT::Utils->runcmd($cmd, 0, 1); } } } } else { print "Bypass of syncfiles requested, will not sync files to root image directory.\n"; } my $temppath; my $oldmask; unless (-d $rootimg_dir) { $callback->({ error => ["$rootimg_dir does not exist, run genimage -o $osver -p $profile on a server with matching architecture"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } my $suffix; if ($compress) { if ($compress eq 'gzip') { my $isgzip = system("bash -c 'type -p gzip' >/dev/null 2>&1"); unless ($isgzip == 0) { $callback->({ error => ["Command gzip does not exist, please make sure it is installed."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $suffix = "gz"; } elsif ($compress eq 'pigz') { my $ispigz = system("bash -c 'type -p pigz' >/dev/null 2>&1"); unless ($ispigz == 0) { $callback->({ error => ["Command pigz does not exist, please make sure it is installed."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $suffix = "gz"; } elsif ($compress eq 'xz') { my $isxz = system("bash -c 'type -p xz' >/dev/null 2>&1"); unless ($isxz == 0) { $callback->({ error => ["Command xz does not exist, please make sure it is installed."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $suffix = "xz"; } else { $callback->({ error => ["Invalid compress method '$compress' requested"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } } else { my $ispigz = system("bash -c 'type -p pigz' >/dev/null 2>&1"); if ($ispigz == 0) { $compress = "pigz"; } else { my $isgzip = system("bash -c 'type -p gzip' >/dev/null 2>&1"); if ($isgzip == 0) { $compress = "gzip"; } else { $callback->({ error => ["The default compress tool 'gzip' and 'pigz' does not exist, please specify an available compress method with '-c'."], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } } $suffix = "gz"; } unless (($method eq 'cpio') or ($method eq 'tar') or ($method eq 'squashfs')) { $callback->({ error => ["Invalid archive method '$method' requested"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $callback->({ data => ["Packing contents of $rootimg_dir"] }); $callback->({ info => ["archive method:$method"] }); unless ($method =~ /squashfs/) { $callback->({ info => ["compress method:$compress"] }); } $suffix = $method.".".$suffix; unlink glob("$destdir/rootimg.*"); if ($method =~ /cpio/) { if (!$excludestr) { $excludestr = "find . -xdev -print0 | cpio -H newc -o -0 | $compress -c - > ../rootimg.$suffix"; } else { chdir("$rootimg_dir"); system("$excludestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); if ($includestr) { system("$includestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); } $excludestr = "cat $xcat_packimg_tmpfile|cpio -H newc -o | $compress -c - > ../rootimg.$suffix"; } $oldmask = umask 0077; } elsif ($method =~ /tar/) { my $checkoption1 = `tar --xattrs-include 2>&1`; my $checkoption2 = `tar --selinux 2>&1`; my $option; if ($checkoption1 !~ /unrecognized/) { $option .= " --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' "; } if ($checkoption2 !~ /unrecognized/) { $option .= "--selinux "; } if (!$excludestr) { $excludestr = "find . -xdev -print0 | tar $option --no-recursion --use-compress-program=$compress --null -T - -cf ../rootimg.$suffix"; } else { chdir("$rootimg_dir"); system("$excludestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); if ($includestr) { system("$includestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); } $excludestr = "cat $xcat_packimg_tmpfile| tar $option --no-recursion --use-compress-program=$compress -T - -cf ../rootimg.$suffix"; } $oldmask = umask 0077; } elsif ($method =~ /squashfs/) { $temppath = mkdtemp("/tmp/packimage.$$.XXXXXXXX"); chmod 0755, $temppath; chdir("$rootimg_dir"); system("$excludestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); if ($includestr) { system("$includestr >> $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); } $excludestr = "cat $xcat_packimg_tmpfile|cpio -dump $temppath"; } chdir("$rootimg_dir"); my $outputmsg = `$excludestr 2>&1`; unless($?){ $callback->({ info => ["$outputmsg"] }); }else{ $callback->({ info => ["$outputmsg"] }); $callback->({ error => ["packimage failed while running: \n $excludestr"], errorcode => [1] }); system("rm -rf $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); return 1; } if ($method =~ /cpio/) { chmod 0644, "$destdir/rootimg.$suffix"; if ($dotorrent) { my $currdir = getcwd; chdir($destdir); unlink("rootimg.$suffix.metainfo"); system("ctorrent -t -u $dotorrent -l 1048576 -s rootimg.$suffix.metainfo rootimg.$suffix"); chmod 0644, "rootimg.$suffix.metainfo"; chdir($currdir); } umask $oldmask; } elsif ($method =~ /tar/) { chmod 0644, "$destdir/rootimg.$suffix"; umask $oldmask; } elsif ($method =~ /squashfs/) { my $flags = ""; if ($osver =~ /rhels5/) { if ($arch =~ /x86/) { $flags = "-le"; } elsif ($arch =~ /ppc/) { $flags = "-be"; } } if (!-x "/sbin/mksquashfs" && !-x "/usr/bin/mksquashfs") { if ($osver =~ /sle/) { $callback->({ error => ["mksquashfs not found, squashfs rpm should be installed on the management node"], errorcode => [1] }); } else { $callback->({ error => ["mksquashfs not found, squashfs-tools rpm should be installed on the management node"], errorcode => [1] }); } return 1; } my $mksquashfs_command = "mksquashfs $temppath ../rootimg.sfs $flags"; xCAT::Utils->runcmd($mksquashfs_command, 0, 1); my $rc = $::RUNCMD_RC; if ($rc) { $callback->({ error => ["Command \"$mksquashfs_command\" failed"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } $rc = system("rm -rf $temppath"); if ($rc) { $callback->({ error => ["Failed to clean up temp space"], errorcode => [1] }); return 1; } chmod(0644, "../rootimg.sfs"); } system("rm -f $xcat_packimg_tmpfile"); # move the files in /.statebackup back to rootimg_dir if ($rootimg_status) { # statelite mode foreach my $entry (keys %liteHash) { my @tmp = split /\s+/, $entry; my $filename = $tmp[1]; my $fileopt = $tmp[0]; if ($fileopt =~ m/link/) { chop $filename if ($filename =~ m/\/$/); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("rm -rf $rootimg_dir$filename", 0, 1); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/.statebackup$filename $rootimg_dir$filename", 0, 1); } } xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/.statebackup/install $rootimg_dir/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/97xcat/install", 0, 1); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("mv $rootimg_dir/.statebackup/statelite $rootimg_dir/etc/init.d/statelite", 0, 1); xCAT::Utils->runcmd("rm -rf $rootimg_dir/.statebackup", 0, 1); } chdir($oldpath); } #------------------------------------------------------- =head3 copybootscript copy the xCAT diskless init scripts to the image =cut #------------------------------------------------------- sub copybootscript { my $installroot = shift; my $rootimg_dir = shift; my $osver = shift; my $arch = shift; my $profile = shift; my $callback = shift; my @timezone = xCAT::TableUtils->get_site_attribute("timezone"); if (-f "$installroot/postscripts/xcatdsklspost") { # copy the xCAT diskless post script to the image mkpath("$rootimg_dir/opt/xcat"); copy("$installroot/postscripts/xcatdsklspost", "$rootimg_dir/opt/xcat/xcatdsklspost"); if ($timezone[0]) { unlink("$rootimg_dir/etc/localtime"); copy("$rootimg_dir/usr/share/zoneinfo/$timezone[0]", "$rootimg_dir/etc/localtime"); } chmod(0755, "$rootimg_dir/opt/xcat/xcatdsklspost"); } else { my $rsp; push @{ $rsp->{data} }, "Could not find the script $installroot/postscripts/xcatdsklspost.\n"; xCAT::MsgUtils->message("E", $rsp, $callback); return 1; } #if ( -f "$installroot/postscripts/xcatpostinit") { # copy the linux diskless init script to the image # - & set the permissions #copy ("$installroot/postscripts/xcatpostinit","$rootimg_dir/etc/init.d/xcatpostinit"); #chmod(0755,"$rootimg_dir/etc/init.d/xcatpostinit"); # run chkconfig #my $chkcmd = "chroot $rootimg_dir chkconfig --add xcatpostinit"; #symlink "/etc/init.d/xcatpostinit","$rootimg_dir/etc/rc3.d/S84xcatpostinit"; #symlink "/etc/init.d/xcatpostinit","$rootimg_dir/etc/rc4.d/S84xcatpostinit"; #symlink "/etc/init.d/xcatpostinit","$rootimg_dir/etc/rc5.d/S84xcatpostinit"; #my $rc = system($chkcmd); #if ($rc) { #my $rsp; # push @{$rsp->{data}}, "Could not run the chkconfig command.\n"; # xCAT::MsgUtils->message("E", $rsp, $callback); # return 1; # } #} else { #my $rsp; # push @{$rsp->{data}}, "Could not find the script $installroot/postscripts/xcatpostinit.\n"; # xCAT::MsgUtils->message("E", $rsp, $callback); # return 1; #} return 0; } #------------------------------------------------------- =head3 include_file =cut #------------------------------------------------------- sub include_file { my $file = shift; my $idir = shift; my @text = (); unless ($file =~ /^\//) { $file = $idir . "/" . $file; } open(INCLUDE, $file) || \ return "#INCLUDEBAD:cannot open $file#"; while () { chomp($_); s/\s+$//; #remove trailing spaces next if /^\s*$/; #-- skip empty lines push(@text, $_); } close(INCLUDE); return join("\n", @text); } #------------------------------------------------------- =head3 parseLiteFiles In the liteentry table, one directory and its sub-items (including sub-directory and entries) can co-exist; In order to handle such a scenario, one hash is generated to show the hirarachy relationship For example, one array with entry names is used as the input: my @entries = ( "imagename bind,persistent /var/", "imagename bind /var/tmp/", "imagename tmpfs,rw /root/", "imagename tmpfs,rw /root/.bashrc", "imagename tmpfs,rw /root/test/", "imagename bind /etc/resolv.conf", "imagename bind /var/run/" ); Then, one hash will generated as: %hashentries = { 'bind,persistent /var/' => [ 'bind /var/tmp/', 'bind /var/run/' ], 'bind /etc/resolv.conf' => undef, 'tmpfs,rw /root/' => [ 'tmpfs,rw /root/.bashrc', 'tmpfs,rw /root/test/' ] }; Arguments: one array with entrynames, one hash to hold the entries parsed Returns: 0 if sucucess 1 if fail =cut #------------------------------------------------------- sub parseLiteFiles { my ($flref, $dhref) = @_; my @entries = @{$flref}; foreach (@entries) { my $entry = $_; my @str = split /\s+/, $entry; shift @str; $entry = join "\t", @str; my $file = $str[1]; chop $file if ($file =~ m{/$}); unless (exists $dhref->{"$entry"}) { my $parent = dirname($file); # to see whether $parent exists in @entries or not unless ($parent =~ m/\/$/) { $parent .= "/"; } my @res = grep { $_ =~ m/\Q$parent\E$/ } @entries; my $found = scalar @res; if ($found == 1) { # $parent is found in @entries # handle $res[0]; my @tmpresentry = split /\s+/, $res[0]; shift @tmpresentry; $res[0] = join "\t", @tmpresentry; chop $parent; my @keys = keys %{$dhref}; my $kfound = grep { $_ =~ m/\Q$res[0]\E$/ } @keys; if ($kfound eq 0) { $dhref->{ $res[0] } = []; } push @{ $dhref->{"$res[0]"} }, $entry; } else { $dhref->{"$entry"} = (); } } } return 0; } 1;