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docs: describe the ipxe netboot method
A new page describes the ipxe and xnba netboot methods: the files of the upstream loader, UEFI Secure Boot through the shim and its limits, the client test, the loader of nodes without a definition, the move of nodes to the ipxe method and back, and the known limits of the upstream loader. The node guide, the noderes, node, group and nodeset pages list the ipxe method, and the value lists mark xnba deprecated. The examples that define an x86 node use netboot=ipxe. The mixed cluster and uninstall guides name ipxe-xcat, and the DHCP validation matrix gets the iPXE loader rows, Secure Boot included.
This commit is contained in:
Vinícius Ferrão
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Now set some of the common attributes for the SNs at the group level: ::
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os=rhels7 \
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nodetype=osi
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profile=service \
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netboot=xnba installnic=mac \
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netboot=ipxe installnic=mac \
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primarynic=mac \
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provmethod=rhels7-x86_64-install-service
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@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Advanced Topics
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gpu/index.rst
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hamn/index.rst
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hierarchy/index.rst
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ipxe/index.rst
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kit/index.rst
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mixed_cluster/index.rst
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networks/index.rst
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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
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x86 Network Boot with iPXE
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==========================
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xCAT boots x86 nodes with iPXE through two ``netboot`` methods:
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* ``ipxe``: the unmodified iPXE release in the ``ipxe-xcat`` package.
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* ``xnba``: the xCAT Network Boot Agent in the ``xnba-undi`` package, a patched iPXE. This method is deprecated, and a later release removes it.
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Both methods run the same boot scripts. ``nodeset`` writes them under ``xcat/ipxe/nodes`` for ``ipxe`` and under ``xcat/xnba/nodes`` for ``xnba``. The xCAT packages install both ``ipxe-xcat`` and ``xnba-undi``.
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New x86 nodes get ``netboot=ipxe``: node discovery, profile-based node definitions and the x86 node templates of ``mkdef --template`` set it.
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The upstream loader
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-------------------
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A node with ``netboot=ipxe`` that boots with the PXE firmware of its network card loads one of these files from ``/tftpboot`` on its TFTP server:
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* BIOS: ``xcat/ipxe/i386/undionly.kpxe``. This is the 32-bit build, so it also boots 32-bit x86 nodes.
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* UEFI: ``xcat/ipxe/x86_64-sb/snponly-shim.efi``, the shim of the iPXE project, which Microsoft signs. The shim loads ``snponly.efi`` from the same directory, which the iPXE Secure Boot CA signs. The node boots with UEFI Secure Boot on or off.
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iPXE then sends a new DHCP request. The node gets its boot script only when it reports the iPXE features that the script needs in DHCP option 175. For BIOS these are HTTP, bzImage and PXE, and for UEFI they are HTTP and EFI. A node with an iSCSI disk in the ``iscsi`` table also needs iSCSI, because iPXE connects that disk before it runs the script. Every other client of the node gets the file above first, including an iPXE in network card firmware that lacks one of these features.
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``makedhcp`` names these files even when they are missing on its own server, because a node or a network can use another TFTP server.
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Nodes without a definition
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--------------------------
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An x86 client without a node definition, such as a node in discovery, gets the upstream loader, whatever the method of the other nodes. It then gets the Genesis script of its network from ``xcat/ipxe/nets``, which ``mknb`` writes. These clients load from the DHCP server itself, so ``makedhcp`` names a loader file for them only when it is in the local TFTP directory, as it does for xNBA.
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On a server that serves x86 discovery, ``makedhcp -n`` and ``makedhcp -a`` warn when an upstream loader file is missing from the local TFTP directory, or when ``xcat/ipxe/nets`` has no network boot script.
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Move nodes to the ipxe method
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-----------------------------
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#. Upgrade the management node and every service node that runs DHCP or owns a TFTP directory. The package dependencies install ``ipxe-xcat``.
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#. List every TFTP directory that serves x86 nodes: the management node, each service node with ``sharedtftp=0``, the host that ``sharedtftp=<hostname>`` names, and each node or network ``tftpserver``.
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#. For each TFTP directory, run ``mknb`` on the xCAT server that writes the directory. Run it for each x86 architecture that the cluster serves: ``x86_64``, and ``x86`` for 32-bit nodes. Alternatively, copy the ``xcat/ipxe/nets`` scripts and the ``ipxe-xcat`` files into the directory.
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#. In each TFTP directory, make sure that ``xcat/ipxe/i386/undionly.kpxe``, ``xcat/ipxe/x86_64-sb/snponly-shim.efi`` and ``xcat/ipxe/x86_64-sb/snponly.efi`` exist.
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#. Run ``makedhcp -n`` and then ``makedhcp -a``, so that every DHCP server writes its configuration again with the reservations of every node. Between the two commands the DHCP servers have no reservations. Unknown x86 clients now get the upstream loader.
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#. Set the method of the nodes, and run ``nodeset`` for them again: ::
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chdef <noderange> netboot=ipxe
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nodeset <noderange> osimage=<osimage>
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To go back to xNBA, set ``netboot=xnba`` on the nodes, keep ``xnba-undi`` installed on every TFTP directory, and run ``nodeset`` for them again. Site scripts that use ``${netX/machyp}`` do not work with the upstream loader: use ``${netX/mac:hexhyp}``.
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UEFI Secure Boot
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----------------
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With Secure Boot on, the firmware loads the shim only when it trusts the Microsoft third-party UEFI CA, 2011 or 2023, that signs it. Some firmware turns that CA off by default: turn it on in the firmware setup.
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Secure Boot covers the loader only. The boot scripts then load a Linux kernel, ``elilo-x64.efi`` or the Genesis kernel, and the firmware refuses each one that no key in its database signs. Install nodes and run Genesis with Secure Boot off.
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Known limits of the upstream loader
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-----------------------------------
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* Local boot on BIOS nodes: ``undionly.kpxe`` unloads the PXE stack of the network card. When a boot script runs ``exit`` to boot from the local disk, iPXE returns to the BIOS through INT 18h. The BIOS then boots the next device in its boot order. Make sure that local boot works on your BIOS hardware before you move nodes.
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* UEFI on some older Lenovo laptops: iPXE v2.0.0 stops the UEFI Dhcp6 driver, and some older Lenovo laptops hang (https://github.com/ipxe/ipxe/issues/1358). Use ``netboot=grub2`` for these nodes.
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@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ Provision x86 Diskful
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In order to provision x86_64 ipmi-based machines from Power-based xCAT management node, there are a few required xCAT dependency RPMs that must be installed:
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* ``elilo-xcat``
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* ``ipxe-xcat``
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* ``xnba-undi``
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* ``syslinux-xcat``
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Install these RPMs using the following command: ::
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yum install elilo-xcat xnba-undi syslinux-xcat
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yum install elilo-xcat ipxe-xcat xnba-undi syslinux-xcat
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On the Power-based management node, obtain an x86_64 operating system ISO and add it into the xCAT osimage table by using the ``copycds`` command: ::
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@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ Create a node definition for the x86_64 compute node, here is a sample: ::
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kernel=xcat/osimage/rhels6.6-x86_64-install-compute/vmlinuz
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mac=34:40:b5:b9:c0:18
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mgt=ipmi
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netboot=xnba
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netboot=ipxe
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nodetype=osi
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os=rhels6.6
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profile=compute
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Notes:
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.. rubric:: Footnotes
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.. [1] To manage x86_64 servers from ppc64/ppc64le nodes, will need to install the packages **xnba-undi elilo-xcat** and **syslinux-xcat** manually on the management node. And manually run command "cp /opt/xcat/share/xcat/netboot/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/"
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.. [1] To manage x86_64 servers from ppc64/ppc64le nodes, will need to install the packages **ipxe-xcat xnba-undi elilo-xcat** and **syslinux-xcat** manually on the management node. And manually run command "cp /opt/xcat/share/xcat/netboot/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/"
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.. [2] If the compute nodes are DFM managed systems, will need xCAT 2.9.1 or high versions and the ppc64le DFM and ppc64le hardware server on the management node.
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.. [3] If the compute nodes are DFM managed systems, will need xCAT 2.10 or high versions and the ppc64le DFM and ppc64le hardware server on the management node.
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.. [4] If the compute nodes are DFM managed systems, will need the ppc64le DFM and ppc64le hardware server on the management node.
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@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ initrd, kernel, userspace, or packaging follow-up work. They must be tracked,
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but they do not turn the DHCP backend acceptance row red unless the failure is
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caused by DHCP policy, allocation, or boot option rendering.
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Secure Boot is not part of this matrix. Secure OVMF builds such as
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``OVMF_CODE.secboot.fd`` and ``OVMF_VARS.secboot.fd`` must be treated as
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unsupported unless xCAT explicitly adds Secure Boot support.
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Secure Boot is part of this matrix only for the upstream iPXE loader: the UEFI
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Secure Boot row checks that the shim loads ``snponly.efi``. Every other row runs
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with Secure Boot off. A Secure Boot OVMF build, such as ``OVMF_CODE.secboot.fd``
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with ``OVMF_VARS.secboot.fd``, can serve that row.
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Backend Policy
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--------------
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@@ -70,6 +71,8 @@ Run these checks for every DHCP backend change before live validation:
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* backend-native configuration validation:
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* ``dhcpd -t -cf <config>`` for ISC
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* ``dhcpd -T -cf <config> -lf <leases>`` for ISC host statements saved in
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``dhcpd.leases``
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* ``kea-dhcp4 -t <config>`` for Kea DHCPv4
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* ``kea-dhcp6 -t <config>`` for Kea DHCPv6 when used
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* ``kea-ctrl-agent -t <config>`` for Control Agent when used
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@@ -204,6 +207,77 @@ classification, address pools, or host reservations.
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confirm Kea still allocates the reserved address and no allocation
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failure is logged.
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x86 iPXE Loader Matrix
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----------------------
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Run this matrix whenever a change touches the ``ipxe`` or ``xnba`` netboot
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method, the x86 second-stage test, the iPXE feature options, or the ISC host
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statements of x86 nodes.
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.. list-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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:widths: 20 18 62
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* - Scenario
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- Backend Scope
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- Minimum Required Checks
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* - xNBA output
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- ``ISC`` and ``Kea``
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- The ISC host statements and the Kea second-stage classes of an ``xnba``
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node equal the output of the base code, and in Kea the node gets xNBA
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from its own first-stage classes.
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* - Client dispatch
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- ``ISC`` and ``Kea``
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- ``xCAT-test/integration/dhcp_ipxe_dispatch.t`` passes as root. It covers
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firmware PXE, xNBA and iPXE clients, with each feature option present or
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missing, for ``xnba`` and ``ipxe`` nodes, SAN nodes and unknown clients.
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In Kea it repeats the ``ipxe`` nodes with a configuration that an older
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``makedhcp -n`` wrote and ``makedhcp`` upgraded.
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* - ISC host statements after a restart
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- ``ISC``
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- ``xCAT-test/integration/dhcp_isc_ipxe_leases.t`` passes as root: dhcpd
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reads the host statements of ``ipxe`` nodes back from ``dhcpd.leases``.
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* - BIOS and UEFI boot with the upstream loader
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- ``ISC`` and ``Kea``
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- A SeaBIOS guest and an OVMF guest with ``netboot=ipxe`` load
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``xcat/ipxe/i386/undionly.kpxe`` and ``xcat/ipxe/x86_64-sb/snponly-shim.efi``,
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fetch the node script from ``xcat/ipxe/nodes``, and reach the Genesis
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shell.
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* - UEFI Secure Boot
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- ``ISC`` or ``Kea``
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- A UEFI node with Secure Boot on loads ``snponly-shim.efi``, the shim
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loads ``snponly.efi``, and iPXE fetches the node script from
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``xcat/ipxe/nodes``.
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* - Discovery
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- ``ISC`` or ``Kea``
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- An unknown BIOS client and an unknown UEFI client load the upstream
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loader, fetch the network script from ``xcat/ipxe/nets``, and start
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Genesis discovery. A discovered x86 node gets ``netboot=ipxe``.
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* - 32-bit BIOS
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- ``ISC`` or ``Kea``
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- A SeaBIOS guest with ``-cpu qemu32`` and ``netboot=ipxe`` boots
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``undionly.kpxe`` and fetches the node script.
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* - BIOS local boot after ``exit``
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- ``ISC`` or ``Kea``
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- A physical BIOS server with ``netboot=ipxe`` boots from its local disk
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after the xCAT boot script runs ``exit``. A change that moves BIOS nodes
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to the upstream loader does not merge until this row passes.
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* - Firmware iPXE
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- ``ISC`` and ``Kea``
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- A SeaBIOS guest with the QEMU iPXE option ROM gets the node script
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directly when its ROM reports the features, and ``undionly.kpxe`` first
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when one is missing.
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* - Service node TFTP
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- ``ISC`` or ``Kea``
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- Local TFTP (``sharedtftp=0``), shared TFTP, ``sharedtftp=<hostname>`` and
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a node ``tftpserver`` serve the upstream loader files and the
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``xcat/ipxe/nets`` scripts.
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* - Upgrade
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- n/a
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- An upgrade keeps the ``netboot`` value of every node. ``makedhcp -n``
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warns until ``mknb`` has written ``xcat/ipxe/nets``, and unknown x86
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clients then get the upstream loader.
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Extended Architecture Matrix
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----------------------------
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ You can get the detail description of each object by ``man <object type>`` e.g.
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mgt: ipmi
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The management method which will be used to manage the node.
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This node will use ipmi protocol.
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netboot: xnba
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netboot: ipxe
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The network bootloader that will be used to deploy OS for the node.
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provmethod: rhels7.1-x86_64-install-compute
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The osimage that will be deployed to the node.
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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ You can get the detail description of each object by ``man <object type>`` e.g.
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$mkdef -t node cn1 groups=all,x86_64 arch=x86_64 bmc=10.4.14.254
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bmcusername=ADMIN bmcpassword=admin mac=6C:AE:8B:1B:E8:52
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mgt=ipmi netboot=xnba provmethod=rhels7.1-x86_64-install-compute
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mgt=ipmi netboot=ipxe provmethod=rhels7.1-x86_64-install-compute
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After the define, I can use ``lsdef`` command to display the defined node: ::
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@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ You can get the detail description of each object by ``man <object type>`` e.g.
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groups=all,x86_64
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mac=6C:AE:8B:1B:E8:52
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mgt=ipmi
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netboot=xnba
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netboot=ipxe
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postbootscripts=otherpkgs
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postscripts=syslog,remoteshell,syncfiles
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provmethod=rhels7.1-x86_64-install-compute
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@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ You can get the detail description of each object by ``man <object type>`` e.g.
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groups=all,x86_64
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mac=6C:AE:8B:1B:E8:52
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mgt=ipmi
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netboot=xnba
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netboot=ipxe
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postbootscripts=otherpkgs
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postscripts=syslog,remoteshell,syncfiles
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provmethod=rhels7.1-x86_64-install-compute
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@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Key Attributes
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+--------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------+
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| Arch and Machine Type | OS | valid netboot options |
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+==========================+======================+===================================+
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| x86, x86_64 | ALL | pxe, xnba, grub2 |
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| x86, x86_64 | ALL | pxe, ipxe, xnba, grub2 |
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+--------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------+
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| ppc64 | <=rhel6, <=sles11.3 | yaboot |
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+--------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------+
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@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ Key Attributes
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| riscv64 | >=el10, >=ubuntu24.04| grub2,grub2-http,grub2-tftp |
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+--------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------+
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On x86, ``ipxe`` boots the node with the upstream iPXE release, and ``xnba`` with the xCAT Network Boot Agent, which is deprecated. See :doc:`/advanced/ipxe/index`.
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* postscripts:
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Comma separated list of scripts, that should be run on this node after diskful installation or diskless boot, finish some system configuration and maintenance work. For installation of RedHat, CentOS, Fedora, the scripts will be run before the reboot. For installation of SLES, the scripts will be run after the reboot but before the init.d process.
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@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ After the VM object is created, several key attributes need to be specified with
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* **[x86_64]** ::
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chdef vm1 netboot=xnba
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chdef vm1 netboot=ipxe
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* **[PPC64LE]** ::
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@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ To import nodes using a profile, follow the following steps:
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grouptype=static
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installnic=eth0
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members=compute-000,compute-001
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netboot=xnba
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netboot=ipxe
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nichostnamesuffixes=eth0:-eth0
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nicnetworks=eth0:provision
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nictypes=eth0:Ethernet
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@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ noderes Attributes:
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.. code-block:: perl
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Arch OS valid netboot options
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x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, xnba, grub2
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x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, ipxe, xnba (deprecated), grub2
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ppc64 <=rhel6, <=sles11.3 yaboot
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ppc64 >=rhels7, >=sles11.4 grub2,grub2-http,grub2-tftp
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ppc64le NonVirtualize ALL petitboot
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@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ group Attributes:
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.. code-block:: perl
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||||
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Arch OS valid netboot options
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x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, xnba, grub2
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x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, ipxe, xnba (deprecated), grub2
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ppc64 <=rhel6, <=sles11.3 yaboot
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ppc64 >=rhels7, >=sles11.4 grub2,grub2-http,grub2-tftp
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ppc64le NonVirtualize ALL petitboot
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@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ node Attributes:
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||||
.. code-block:: perl
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||||
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||||
Arch OS valid netboot options
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||||
x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, xnba, grub2
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||||
x86, x86_64 ALL pxe, ipxe, xnba (deprecated), grub2
|
||||
ppc64 <=rhel6, <=sles11.3 yaboot
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ppc64 >=rhels7, >=sles11.4 grub2,grub2-http,grub2-tftp
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ppc64le NonVirtualize ALL petitboot
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||||
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@@ -42,12 +42,14 @@ take next. Should the nodetype.os indicates an OS that does not support UEFI
|
||||
boot, then the dhcp definition will not include UEFI boot directives, even
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if doing \ **nodeset shell**\ .
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||||
\ **nodeset**\ will manipulate the boot configuration files of xnba, grub2, petitboot, yaboot and pxelinux.0.
|
||||
\ **nodeset**\ will manipulate the boot configuration files of ipxe, xnba, grub2, petitboot, yaboot and pxelinux.0.
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||||
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Assume that /tftpboot is the root for tftpd (set in site(5)|site.5).
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||||
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\ **nodeset**\ for petitboot makes changes to /tftpboot/petitboot/{node name}
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||||
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\ **nodeset**\ for ipxe makes changes to /tftpboot/xcat/ipxe/nodes/{node name}
|
||||
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\ **nodeset**\ for xnba makes changes to /tftpboot/xcat/xnba/nodes/{node name}
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||||
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\ **nodeset**\ for grub2 makes changes to /tftpboot/boot/grub2/{node name}
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||||
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@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ Remove xCAT Files
|
||||
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||||
[RHEL] ::
|
||||
|
||||
yum remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xCAT syslinux-xcat xCAT xCAT-SoftLayer xCAT-buildkit xCAT-client xCAT-confluent xCAT-csm xCAT-genesis-base-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-base-x86_64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-x86_64 xCAT-openbmc-py xCAT-probe xCAT-server xnba-undi yaboot-xcat
|
||||
yum remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xCAT syslinux-xcat xCAT xCAT-SoftLayer xCAT-buildkit xCAT-client xCAT-confluent xCAT-csm xCAT-genesis-base-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-base-x86_64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-x86_64 xCAT-openbmc-py xCAT-probe xCAT-server ipxe-xcat xnba-undi yaboot-xcat
|
||||
|
||||
[SLES] ::
|
||||
|
||||
zypper remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xCAT syslinux-xcat xCAT xCAT-SoftLayer xCAT-buildkit xCAT-client xCAT-confluent xCAT-csm xCAT-genesis-base-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-base-x86_64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-x86_64 xCAT-openbmc-py xCAT-probe xCAT-server xnba-undi yaboot-xcat
|
||||
zypper remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xCAT syslinux-xcat xCAT xCAT-SoftLayer xCAT-buildkit xCAT-client xCAT-confluent xCAT-csm xCAT-genesis-base-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-base-x86_64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-ppc64 xCAT-genesis-scripts-x86_64 xCAT-openbmc-py xCAT-probe xCAT-server ipxe-xcat xnba-undi yaboot-xcat
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu] ::
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xcat syslinux-xcat xcat xcat-buildkit xcat-client xcat-confluent xcat-genesis-base-amd64 xcat-genesis-base-ppc64el xcat-genesis-scripts-amd64 xcat-genesis-scripts-ppc64el xcat-probe xcat-server xcat-test xcat-vlan xcatsn xnba-undi
|
||||
apt-get remove conserver-xcat elilo-xcat goconserver grub2-xcat ipmitool-xcat perl-xcat syslinux-xcat xcat xcat-buildkit xcat-client xcat-confluent xcat-genesis-base-amd64 xcat-genesis-base-ppc64el xcat-genesis-scripts-amd64 xcat-genesis-scripts-ppc64el xcat-probe xcat-server xcat-test xcat-vlan xcatsn ipxe-xcat xnba-undi
|
||||
|
||||
To do an even more thorough cleanup, use links below to get a list of RPMs installed by xCAT. Some RPMs may not to be installed in a specific environment.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ To import nodes using a profile, follow the following steps:
|
||||
grouptype=static
|
||||
installnic=eth0
|
||||
members=compute-000,compute-001
|
||||
netboot=xnba
|
||||
netboot=ipxe
|
||||
nichostnamesuffixes=eth0:-eth0
|
||||
nicnetworks=eth0:provision
|
||||
nictypes=eth0:Ethernet
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@ take next. Should the nodetype.os indicates an OS that does not support UEFI
|
||||
boot, then the dhcp definition will not include UEFI boot directives, even
|
||||
if doing B<nodeset shell>.
|
||||
|
||||
B<nodeset> will manipulate the boot configuration files of xnba, grub2, petitboot, yaboot and pxelinux.0.
|
||||
B<nodeset> will manipulate the boot configuration files of ipxe, xnba, grub2, petitboot, yaboot and pxelinux.0.
|
||||
|
||||
Assume that /tftpboot is the root for tftpd (set in L<site(5)|site.5>).
|
||||
|
||||
B<nodeset> for petitboot makes changes to /tftpboot/petitboot/{node name}
|
||||
|
||||
B<nodeset> for ipxe makes changes to /tftpboot/xcat/ipxe/nodes/{node name}
|
||||
|
||||
B<nodeset> for xnba makes changes to /tftpboot/xcat/xnba/nodes/{node name}
|
||||
|
||||
B<nodeset> for grub2 makes changes to /tftpboot/boot/grub2/{node name}
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user