336 lines
8.8 KiB
XML
336 lines
8.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
|
|
|
|
<book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
|
|
<bookinfo>
|
|
<title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
|
|
|
|
<legalnotice>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
|
|
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
|
|
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
|
|
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
|
|
version.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
|
|
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
|
|
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
|
|
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
|
|
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
|
|
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
|
|
MA 02111-1307 USA
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
|
|
distribution of Linux.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</legalnotice>
|
|
</bookinfo>
|
|
|
|
<toc></toc>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="adt">
|
|
<title>Data Types</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
|
|
!Iinclude/linux/list.h
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="libc">
|
|
<title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
|
|
from the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally
|
|
useful and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions
|
|
may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
|
|
are noted in the text.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
|
|
!Ilib/vsprintf.c
|
|
!Elib/vsprintf.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
|
|
<!-- All functions are exported at now
|
|
X!Ilib/string.c
|
|
-->
|
|
!Elib/string.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
|
|
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="kernel-lib">
|
|
<title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
|
|
!Elib/bitmap.c
|
|
!Ilib/bitmap.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
|
|
!Elib/cmdline.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="crc"><title>CRC Functions</title>
|
|
!Elib/crc7.c
|
|
!Elib/crc16.c
|
|
!Elib/crc-itu-t.c
|
|
!Elib/crc32.c
|
|
!Elib/crc-ccitt.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="mm">
|
|
<title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
|
|
!Iinclude/linux/slab.h
|
|
!Emm/slab.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
|
|
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
|
|
!Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
|
|
!Emm/readahead.c
|
|
!Emm/filemap.c
|
|
!Emm/memory.c
|
|
!Emm/vmalloc.c
|
|
!Imm/page_alloc.c
|
|
!Emm/mempool.c
|
|
!Emm/dmapool.c
|
|
!Emm/page-writeback.c
|
|
!Emm/truncate.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="ipc">
|
|
<title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
|
|
!Iipc/util.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="kfifo">
|
|
<title>FIFO Buffer</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
|
|
!Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
|
|
!Ekernel/kfifo.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="relayfs">
|
|
<title>relay interface support</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Relay interface support
|
|
is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
|
|
facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
|
|
user space.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>relay interface</title>
|
|
!Ekernel/relay.c
|
|
!Ikernel/relay.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="modload">
|
|
<title>Module Support</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
|
|
!Ekernel/kmod.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
|
|
X!Ekernel/module.c
|
|
-->
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="hardware">
|
|
<title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
|
|
!Ekernel/irq/manage.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
|
|
!Ekernel/dma.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
|
|
!Ikernel/resource.c
|
|
!Ekernel/resource.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
|
|
!Earch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/pci.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/remove.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/search.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/msi.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/bus.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/access.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/irq.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/htirq.c
|
|
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
|
|
X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
|
|
-->
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/probe.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/slot.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/rom.c
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/iov.c
|
|
!Idrivers/pci/pci-sysfs.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
|
|
!Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
|
|
<sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Refer to the file arch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
|
|
X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c
|
|
-->
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
|
|
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/mca_dma.h
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="firmware">
|
|
<title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
|
|
<sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
|
|
!Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
|
|
!Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="security">
|
|
<title>Security Framework</title>
|
|
!Isecurity/security.c
|
|
!Esecurity/inode.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="audit">
|
|
<title>Audit Interfaces</title>
|
|
!Ekernel/audit.c
|
|
!Ikernel/auditsc.c
|
|
!Ikernel/auditfilter.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="accounting">
|
|
<title>Accounting Framework</title>
|
|
!Ikernel/acct.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="blkdev">
|
|
<title>Block Devices</title>
|
|
!Eblock/blk-core.c
|
|
!Iblock/blk-core.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-map.c
|
|
!Iblock/blk-sysfs.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-settings.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-exec.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-barrier.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-tag.c
|
|
!Iblock/blk-tag.c
|
|
!Eblock/blk-integrity.c
|
|
!Ikernel/trace/blktrace.c
|
|
!Iblock/genhd.c
|
|
!Eblock/genhd.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="chrdev">
|
|
<title>Char devices</title>
|
|
!Efs/char_dev.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="miscdev">
|
|
<title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
|
|
!Edrivers/char/misc.c
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="clk">
|
|
<title>Clock Framework</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support
|
|
software management of the system clock tree.
|
|
This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms
|
|
to support power management and various devices which may need
|
|
custom clock rates.
|
|
Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real
|
|
time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks.
|
|
These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used
|
|
to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits
|
|
into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger
|
|
synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating:
|
|
unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power
|
|
changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use.
|
|
On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating,
|
|
where clocks are gated without being disabled in software.
|
|
Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able
|
|
to retain their last state.
|
|
This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention
|
|
mode</emphasis>.
|
|
This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer
|
|
circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used
|
|
by clocked state changes.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device
|
|
they manage is in active use. Also, system sleep states often
|
|
differ according to which clock domains are active: while a
|
|
"standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a
|
|
"mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown
|
|
of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting
|
|
the number of possible wakeup event sources. A driver's suspend
|
|
method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints
|
|
on the target sleep state.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Some platforms support programmable clock generators. These
|
|
can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other
|
|
CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements
|
|
for interface clocking.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
!Iinclude/linux/clk.h
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
</book>
|